La Gira

It could be different …

It could be different, but it is possible this way too ….

These are words of the last e-mail before the INKRIT-meeting, gathering for some general debates, and mainly working on the Historical-Critical Dictionary Marxism, referring to Brecht’s Three-Penny Opera.

The location of a rather intense couple of days: Esslingen, a small town, or even village in the proximity of Stuttgart, in Southern German. Writing: or even village means that I actually didn’t see it. Arriving there by train Wednesday night, I took the bus to a remote conference-hotel, not really seeing anything of the place. And remote means remote, giving an exciting view: the (low) mountains, the valley covered by the raising fog – a carpet – seen from the height, a ceiling from the other side … It actually is different, depending on the side from which we look.

The usual ‘regular verb’ behaviourthe meeting in of the editorial board of The Argument as new field of activities and then the workshops. A rather interesting, not to say exciting work. Discussions that seem to be as remote even from our daily academic work as the Jaegerhof and even Esslingen. And although the debates are intense, it is in some way relaxing: concentrated on such a wide range of areas as Human Rights to Laughing, as life conduct to courtesan ….. And ranging as wide rural exodus – a term in itself so varied if looked at by the colleagues from Germany or Cuba and Brazil.

And relaxing in any case, being directly engaged – ex officio so to say – with Étienne Balibar on whose draft I comment or as listener, just ordinary participant. And as relaxed as all this is, as open the debate is there is surely also the tension. How to describe it? Between those who own all the experience simply due to age and those who have all impartiality on their side – sure one may also say: the claim of authority versus, or going hand in hand with gormlessness, and the deadlock engaging with innovativeness. The productive tensions as well, growing out of so different people meeting there: Brasil, Cuba, Germany, Italy, France …; villages, large cities ….

Yes, all could be different. And perhaps that is what makes it so inviting: A tension one can perceive as relaxing in its open way, as it aims on producing something new, aims on making a difference rather than continuing to move along, the dogtrot. So remote, even the tensions being so remote that I only mentioning its actual meaning after Mehmet dropped me at Stuttgart’s train station. First plans for future collaboration – the hug when we say farewell – knowing it is this way possible too. And emerging in relaxed atmosphere around Stuttgart’s train-station: people enjoying the sun, licking ice or sitting in the sun” the German Sunday-tradition: “coffee and cake” ….

… and the flowers in front of the station:  a reminder: Stuttgart 21 – not always as peaceful as it appears on the Sunday afternoon, not always as remote from daily quarrels as it suggests this sunny afternoon. And I feel as well how important all these apparently purely academic debates are in order to make sense, to change such reality. 

It could be different, but it is possible this way too …. – and to make it possible that the daily, centered around commodities, consumption, so-called performance possible in everyday’s life we need the remoteness: clear, concise thinking: exhausting, focused, provoking to contradict and not allowing any contradiction.

It is also something that is so simple, and so difficult to achieve. An excellent, energising experience – though showing how remote we are ourselves from really living it, maintaing so many illusions, voluntarily chosen subordinations and authoritative deification. But at least there is an open field for contest – from which academic life distanced itself so much.

All has to be different, it only pretends to be possible this way too …

 

 

 

 

 

Precarity

If you want you can term it a little bit pretentious the legacy of the research stay and visiting professorship at ODTUe: the new book which had been just after leaving Ankara sent to the publisher and will not take long to be available:

Sibel Kalaycioglu/Peter Herrmann (Eds.)
Precarity – More than a Challenge of Social Security
Or: Cynicism of EU’s Concept of Economic Freedom

It will be published in Bremen by the Europaeischer Hochschulverlag as part of the series Studies in Comparative Social Pedagogies and International SocialWork and Social Policy.

The following Table of Contents gives some overview.

Acknowledgements… 9

Peter Herrmann/Sibel Kalaycioglu

Introduction… 11

Peter Herrmann

Precarity and Precarisation in the Light of EU-Integration… 22

Marco Ricceri

Europe and social precarity Proactive elements for system interventions… 52

Klaus Mehrens

Precarious Work in the EU – What Can Trade Unions Do?… 77

Pietro Merli Brandini

Globalisation and Solidarity.  Regulatory reform for a more balanced system adjustment… 83

Alexander Sieg

Theoretical thoughts for psychosocial interventions in precarious working and living conditions… 95

Sabine Kergel, Rolf Dieter Hepp

Ways of Precarisation… 104

Sibel Kalaycioglu/Kezban Celik

Gender dimensions of precarity in Turkey… 120

David Kergel

Integration or Inclusion – Towards an alternative ‘European Gaze’ on the Roma… 134

Vyacheslav Bobkov, Еkaterina Chernykh, Ulvi T. Aliev

Precarity in Russia and Labour and Employment Markets Transformation… 145

Appendix 1…

Ankara-10-Point-Memorandum… 164

Ending Precarity – Acting Now for Sustainable Future… 164

Appendix 2…

List of contributors… 167

The book gathers a wide range of contributions – reflecting the complex character of the topic – with its different causes and consequences and the various answers needed. However, the presentations also make clear that the EU which could and should well take a role reflecting the responsibility for developing a European Social Model that fundamentally reflects the need for a new economy rather than limiting itself to striving for a rescue of an outdated model of economic growth.

As editors we come at the end of our introductory remarks to the conclusion:

Thus, we can see how the pillars of such model crumble away in a situation like that of France, Kregel highlighting (in this volume) that it can on the one hand be seen as crèche of the ‘modern Europe’ but on the other hand now showing its inability – or lack of political will – to actually maintain this system which had been inaugurated not least by the supposedly all-decisive great revolution, claiming to be the Procrustean-bed not just of the modern French nation but much beyond of global modernity in general. We surely have to be careful, not throwing the baby out with the bathing water. But we have to be careful as well and look for a new realism. It is a realism that consciously intervenes into shaping a new mode of production.

Postmodernism ….

…, post-modernism can be seen as the discourse of cognition without an tention of intellectual reconstruction.

Kiss, Endre: The Dialectics of Modernity. A theoretical interpretation of Globalization; in: Journal of Globalization Studies. 1/2. November 2010: 12-26; Volgograd: Uchitel

Looking Back – Looking Forward: Responsibilty

It is so easy: Talking about Human Rights as matter of charity and good will and virtues. And it is so difficult: of course we find this blunt, brutal violation: open for everybody. And of course we have to everything we can against the killing of women for religious reasons, religious fundamentalism (which, by the way “we” enlightened people of the west, can easily see as serious issue when we look at them, though we are easily overlooking when it comes to religiously motivated  violation in the christian traditions in every days life).

Some real issues are then easily left out – and can easily be seen not only here but also here – just mentioning two examples: Not just the gap between rich and the poor – but especially the fact that this growing is not least consequence of the rich gaining on the back of the poor. Just one of the interesting facts that had been mentioned during the one of the sessions of the conference that took place over the last days: tax evasion as one of the causes – and it is so easy. Another issue which cannot be easily issued is the fact that the mode of production is limited not least by its orientation on commodity production which is systematically, structurally fading out issues of producing the social as equity oriented system.

Of course, it is a complex issue – and I hope that I can make at least some contribution to the debate. It had been part of the work I undertook in Ankara and Moscow over the last month and will be part of the work which is planned for the next month – it is on the way under the title

Social Policy – Production rather than Distribution. A Rights-Based  Approach.

The final publication of this publication will hopefully be announced some time at the end of the year, proposing the need for a fundamental change of  the social policy debate. It is also meant to lay the ground for a shift in the social quality debate and its orientation on sustainability.

Indeed, human rights are about economics and the responsibility of the rich countries. – Surely something to be further discussed during the next days in Esslingen,where we will be working during the XVth International INKRIT-workshop on the Historical-Critical Dictionary on Marxism.

A short PS: on the positive, not to say delighting side: though not dominant in the published debate, sessions on such critical issues had been well attended.

On another positive side: the forum I attended and I mentioned in earlier posts took actually place in the building which in earlier years hosted the German parliament. It is now an international conference centre. Other buildings, formerly hosting parts of the German government, are now accommodating offices of the United Nations. Some shifts, at least ….

Breaks – Still on the Way to Modernity

Pioneer of Modern Art – the English translation doesn’t catch the ambiguity of the German title of the exhibition of the work of Max Liebermann to which I went during the lunch break: Wegbereiter der Moderne. It could also be translated just as Pioneer, trailblazer of modernity, emphasising that he had been a pioneer not just as somebody who did something before others did the same, but underlining his proactive role, the ‘fight for something’. And it doesn’t limit the something to arts but leaves it open for a much wider scope.

I do not want and cannot engage in Max Liebermann’s complex and contradictory personality: citoyen and demotic; orderly, like the lanes in the part of his villa and allowing, provoking and even planning the impressionistic as seen in the flowerbeds on the roadside of the little palace ….

Surely as such – as other representatives especially of the citoyenitée of the time (see Thomas and Heinrich Mann, read the Buddenbrooks, The Small Town Tyrant, The Forsyte Saga ….) – reflecting very much the contradiction of the time.

One thing is sure: in life and in general there is surely not one pioneer – it is people as groups, peoples and personalities …

…. and it is about movements, ‘inventions of acceptance’. Entering the exhibition had been already exciting by looking at the plain pictures of life – ‘socialist realism’ came to my mind. Looking at his depiction of the twelve year old Jesus in the Temple – emerging as another simple life: simplicity of deification without simplifying the apotheosis; and then looking at her, looking into her face: Eva. It is a painting from 1882. And the way she looks says it all: No need, Adam. Not for you. And though I my not look like it. I have the apple, I eat the apple and I enjoy eating it.

Giving the impression of weakness and happiness, of inferiority and forcefulness … – modernity.

Not November …. – On Path Dependency

It hadn’t been often that I had been in Bonn – and I do not want to be negative. It is a nice, placid village, once the capital of Germany, hosting that part of Germany, better: German mentality which had been twice the cradle of a World War

I hadn’t been many times in Berlin – the first time I arrived there in the ‘new era’ had been some strange experience – the government had not yet moved to the new centre, but part of it and as had been on government-meeting then, I experienced the tension between the old: the West, and the new, the East. It is a difficult to tell story too interesting to put into a nutshell. When I returned later I had been impressed, the feeling of …, well, perhaps the best term to be used is: the feeling of mental suppression. Again, I do not want to be negative, knowing about the stirring figures as Friedrich Wilhelm Humboldt, having lived mentally side by side with notable people as Helene Weigel and having known extraordinary colleagues as Juergen Kuczynski …, and having enjoyed the great Jazz-festival, the theaters, parks …. of this city which than later showed so open its difficult to figure-out hegemonic spirit of violence and mental control – mentor of Otto von Bismarck’s policy which became known as cradle of the social state and which had been in some way the accoucheur of the first world war.

Sure, globalisation, postmodernisation …. – the entire world changed and so did the country of which Bonn had been and Berlin is the capital. And so did the cities themselves.

Still – if you look for synonyms you may find for placid: introspective and you may find for impressing: imposing.

It is impressive, arriving here and there always reminds me of Heinrich Heine – and his return to Germany. It had been a long time ago, it had been November.

See here for more.

But I am here to talk about Human Rights – perhaps it is a different thing …, perhaps ….

Expectations – at least

Go open the door.

There might be someone there.

Go open the door.

There might be a bird. Or a firefly.

Go open the door.

If nothing, there will be at least a breeze.

Or a current of fresh air.

(Hakakian, Roya, 2004: Journey from the Land of No. A Girlhood caught in revolutionary Iran; New York: Crown Publishers: 41)

END OF HISTORY OR IS IT A NEW BEGINNNG?

No sign’s descended from the sky about the days to come

We’ve promised those days to ourselves.

I want a song about the days after we win …

‘Who knows, maybe tomorrow …’

(Nazim Hikmet)

It is a fascinating story, indeed.

 Turkey is undoubtedly the country of the future, but will it always be? Can it ever become what it hopes to be, or is it condemned to remain an unfulfilled dream, an exquisite fantasy that contains within it the seeds of its own failure?

There are as yet no answers to the questions, and therein lies the Turkish conundrum. This nation is still very much the a work in progress, a dazzling kaleidoscope of competing images and ideas. …

This is taken from Stephen Kinzer’s book.* May be something had been lost during the writing and/or revision? “We” are perfect, reached the end of history, are not work in progress, and “we” found all the answers? The cowboy speaks of the prevalent

 primitive mentality of rural peasants.

__________________

I am sitting on the 9 o’clock flight to Istanbul, later continuing to Bonn where I will have to speak the next day on the conference on Human Rights in a Globalized World – Challenges for The Media.

A modern aircraft – and of course I feel somewhat relieved – rather than being “the other”, barely being able to really thank Mehmet in Turkish words for all his kindness throughout my time at ODTUe (but words are surely not all – we developed an excellent relation of understanding; he will be surely one of those who would offer me asylum if needed), now being able to speak agin with words, most likely being understood by “the other”, just being an other, able to merge with others. And I still feel well looked after – sure, staff being paid – being paid by THY, but still not having lost their ‘natural friendliness’, a mentality of …, being human, being humane, being together – at least for the time of the flight, and with this at least for some time together in a limited space with a vast array of options: the most likely a safe landing, the unlikely but possible the end of …., well: personal history, of life as consequence of a ‘simple crash’, of being victim of any kind of politics …; and possibly also the beginning of a new history: lasting friendships can develop everywhere and anywhere where we still find humans, humane beings …

…. primitive mentality of rural peasants.

May be – finally we cannot simply shake-off our history, in political science we call it path dependency. And there had been countries of peasants and other countries may be seen as countries of cowboys. At least the first sort of countries never went to real war and pretended to be world gendarmes …

I remember some figures from Kinzer’s book:

A public opinion survey taken after Clinton’s visit found that 52 percent of Turks had a favourable opinion of the United States; by 2006 the number had fallen to an abysmal 12 percent. When asked in the 2006 poll which countries they believed threatened world peace, 60percent of Turks named the United States. (Only 16 percent named Iran, which George W. Bush was thendenouncing as part of the global ‘axis of evil.”)**

And shortly after presenting these results he states

This

particular reference is made to the anti-Islamist war of the Bush administration

produced a broad national consensus that Turkey needed to break out of Washington’s orbit and pursue an independent foreign policy – something Turkish leftists had been urging for years without success.***

Is it really by chance that around this year Turkey took over the Presidency of the Organization of the Islamic Conference?

And is it by accident that Turkey took also a leading role in the Economic Cooperation Union, for instance by co-founding the Economic Cooperation Organization Trade and Development Bank?

__________________

Later the day: I think it is the third time in my life that I am in Bonn – former capital of my former home-country – I stayed more often in most of the other capitals of the EU-member states than here. And the two times I had been here before “I came from Europe”, having been there in connection with some EU-business around asylum seekers and anti-social policy. Now I come from another perspective – a little bit another perspective: Human Rights.

On another occasion I will come back to it: unconditional, undeniable and indivisible. And as such only then meaningful, only then a matter of guaranteeing fundamental rights if it is possible to rebuke fundamentalism: the ruling of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s and  Ahmet Davutoğlu’s move towards tolerance and even supp-ort of Islamist fundamentalism and George Walker Bush’s Christian fundamentalism alike, the latter claiming according to the Guardian that

God told me to end the tyranny in Iraq.

But the really dangerous fundamentalism is the one onto which both obviously merge: the fundamentalism fundamentalism of unbridled market capitalism.

And this is surely exactly today, on the occasion of being here in order to discuss Human Rigths of special relevance

In 2009, UNCTAD, stated in a document titled

The Global Economic Crisis: Systemic Failures and Multilateral Remedies

Market fundamentalist laissez-faire of the last 20 years has dramatically failed the test

__________________

It is a long time ago – I arrived in the German capital – probably in the 1970s.

Sure, many things went wrong, showing – possibly – even disastrous consequences. But there had been one thing we knew during that meeting: Human Rights is surely not least about something different: rather than being a matter of “granting rights”, Human Rights are about another society. And that will be a topic that is more likely to be discussed during the workshop in Esslingen next week, the adage Humane Standards and Capitalist Greed****

 _____________________________________________

**********************

_____________________________________________

* Crescent & Star. Turkey between two worlds: NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001/2008 (revised edition): 28

Leaving the cowboy aside, from my perspective it is – with all caution that is always required – a book that is worthwhile reading. A kind of rough guide to Turkey – though not as rough as the touristy thing with that name.

** 217

*** 219

**** actually it cannot be properly translated: Menschliches Maß und kapitalistische Maßlosigkeit – it could mean humane standards but also standards of humanity or standards defined by human beings …

The Game is Over or: Strawberry Cake

I remember Niklas Luhmann once writing or telling this little anecdote: a couple, married since many years … – and the housewife (well, yes, it had been last century, and not at its very end), so: the housewife made every year a “birthday surprise cake” for her husband: strawberry cake. He enjoyed every year, showed his pleasure by indulging into it … Well, and then it happened once up a time … – Listen to her: “darling, I am so very sorry but you know, I have had these problems, couldn’t …, well, to cut a long story short: I had not been able to have your favourite cake for today’s birthday.” She was near to crying, but he approached her tenderly, saying: “Listen, love. To be honest, I don’t really like strawberry cake. But seeing you every year, looking at you how much you enjoyed seeing me eating the cake …, well I didn’t want to take this joy from you.”

The game was over, of course.

And so is my game here – a different one, but still similar to the life of the couple and also with that of my highly esteemed colleague Immanuel, occasionally seen as  “regular verb” not least on grounds of his legendary daily walk.

More or less the last day – and despite some irregularities: wrapping up stuff, final discussions, posting some stuff to Ireland before carrying it with be over the next months the regularities. And in this light, I had been over the last days getting increasingly aware of the play-fullness of many things: breakfast: Gülistan bringing me the most beautiful Turkish coffee, Yusuf getting later the simit for me, and a tea, the daily swim, after the first four hour shift between 6: 30 and 10: 30; going afterwards grabbing something to eat, walking back to the office, eating, drinking the lovely Ayran, getting another tea from Mehmed, before heading to the library …

Later back – “in the public”, there it is where at least for me the routines are getting so clear – clear to me and to the others and in the interaction with the others . The routines getting clear by the questions that do not need to be asked …, and that nevertheless are asked. Tea? Coffee? These questions are asked and they evoke a smile when the reply is the one that bad been expected. …

The end of the game … – no coffee, no tea anymore …. – only breakfast in the morning before a irregular day: going to Ankara, meeting friends.

No, in the simit restaurant here on the campus people didn’t know it –from where should they, we could speak just by gestures, smiles, signs … “This is Yusuf” – the first day I am told his name. “And I am Suleyman. What is your name?” “I am Peter”. Yusuf stretches the had out to me. Gülistan smiles at me.

No, they do not know – Mehmet knows .. . We meet later, this day I had to return to the office, clear up in the office. Mehmet knows. We embrace, kiss the cheeks, like “real men” … güle güle ….  The game is over … . And we both new: not a game – it never had been a game and it never will be a game. And only when we pretend things being one, we can get aware of how serious it actually is.

… like being stuck in strawberry cake.

But I am first stuck in further work for a while …

Globalisation – Mindsets

So our fish glided his little body past the angry neighbours who could not believe their ears. No one, certainly never an insider, had ever insulted them so by questioning the ways of their idyllic stream. But for everything there is a first, and for that mossy stream this little fish was indeed a first. And now, swimming breathlessly away from the mob, he was trying to reach the waterfalls and the big, unseen world under it. The little black fish looked down and saw his friends, who soon would go back to the same old life. What a thought! He took heart and said, ‘Farewell, my friends. Do not forget me.’

(Hakakian, Roya, 2004: Journey from the Land of No. A Girlhood caught in revolutionary Iran; New York: Crown Publishers: 31 f.)